sorry, I've been sick today, so just seen all the replys.
I got the info from several different last makers and biomechanic experts over the years. I've probably had more exposure to studies on foot morphology because I've worked in Athletic footwear on an international basis.
Note: This is an average, so no need to get upset if you do not fit the average. Not everyone will fit this 'average'. I found most of this out because I worked with Biomechanics when I used to design shoes for team sports and the testing and fitting was of great importance to us. For instance I learned that you should never play sport in a shoe intended for a man if you are a woman, because the fitting between sexes is
different <---That link also touches on and acknowledges differences in foot shape for race but does not go into it in any detail.
I usually get all my shoes fitted at
Satra As you can see from the link, they offer advice on fitting for different markets. (i.e. countries)
Of course, the country is not the only factor - comfort brands tend to have a roomier fit, for instance. Customer preference can also influence the fit.
I used to work for a brand that is based in the UK, but sells in the US - we made all the sample sizes based on an American sized last as opposed to a European sized last. We did make the shoes a bit narrower for the US, I'm telling the truth here.
I also used to have a nightmare working with an American sneaker brand, when we tried to grade the sizes into UK sizes for our UK mail order customers as the sizes don't all neccessarily grade into UK ones exactly. Its a big headache and this is one of the resons you might find the fitting odd on some brands as not everyone grades in the same way.
Take a look at the
Bata Size chart and compare - you'll see that the sizes do not match up exactly. That explains that although I'm more or less a size 39, I take anything from a US 7.5 to a US 9.
Can I just say, that this happens in clothing too? My ex husband worked for Etam and they had an absolute nightmare with fitting when they changed from a design team in London to one in Paris. The British girls could not fit into the French fitted clothes because they tend to be taller with a bigger bust and a thicker waist. One of my other friends was a buyer in a store on South Molton Street and I remember her bemoaning the fact that they could not buy into Nina Ricci clothing because it was cut for the Japanese market.
I also speak as someone whose client did not get their collection fitted for the UK (the factory was in China) we now have a big fitting problem because the shoes were not fitted for the UK, market but for the Chinese market!
Heres a medical report on difference in foot shape between Japanese and East Javanese.
Report
The main reasons for these studies are not necessarily for footwear fitting - they are also used in archaeology and forensic science and are used to find out more information about a body or a skeleton.
If anyone still doesn't beleive me or thinks I'm talking rubbish, have a chat with SATRA - theres not much published on the web but they do have lots of research into the subject so I'm sure they'd be happy to help.