You beat me to it, The FLUFFER!
Since I already typed my reply I'll post it anyway:
Two of the co-writers of this study, Adami/Trichopoulos, have been accused of greenwashing for chemical industries in the past. The writers of this study have also changed during the years. This is at least a reason to be a bit suspicious.
This is how this research was presented in 2001 on MEP's website:
"Women`s lifestyle and health
Research project: C8468
English title: Women`s lifestyle and health
Project leader: Hans-Olov Adami
Institution: Department of Medical Epidemiology (MEP)
Hypothesis: Oral contraceptives, dietary habits and other lifestyle factors affect the risk for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases in young women.
Approach Starting in 1991: A comprehensive questionnaire was mailed to 96,000 Swedish women aged 30-49 years. Approximately 50,000 completed questionnaires were returned providing detailed information on a wide range of lifestyle factors with a focus on oral contraceptive use, diet, UV light exposure, reproductive factors and familial occurrence of cancer. This study is strictly coordinated with a similar study among 60,000 young women in Norway; apart from the dietary component, the questionnaires are identical and joint analyses are planned.
Status: All questionnaires have been computerized. We are awaiting a sufficiently long period of follow-up to allow meaningful analyses of the occurrence of, primarily, cancers of the breast and large bowel, and total mortality and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Data cleaning and creation of a master file through merging of the Swedish and Norwegian components is under way.
Time plan: The initiation of analyses has been delayed due to lack of funding. Several funding possibilities are now considered and will be pursued during 1999.
Main Financing: Pharmaceutical companies, Swedish Cancer Society
Partners: Eiliv Lund, Ceilia Magnusson, Ingemar Persson, Alicja Wolk.
Entered 980429
Updated 990908"
So the women who did choose to answer this questionnaire did so in 1991. No follow-ups have been made. This report assumes that people haven't changed their diets or lifestyles for 16 years. Epidemiological studies are tricky and easily misleading by nature...
And the focus of the study appears to have shifted a bit. Here's a quote from the currrent study: "We set out to examine whether low carbohydrate/high protein diets are associated with increased mortality in a general population cohort of relatively young women in Sweden. The relevance of the study group is high, as low carbohydrate weight control diets are particularly used by women."
You might wonder how many Swedish women that were aware of low carb diets and Atkins in 1991... And even if they were, how would you know that they didn't change their diets during these 16 years?
This report is simply irrelevant. The death rates were also so low that they are statistically insignificant either way.