Time to revive this thread, since it came up in a thread about Emmanualle Alt, the Fashion Director at Vogue Paris, and someone asked what her background was an how did she get to be a Fashion Director.
First, regarding Emmanuelle's background, you can see it's all about knowing the right people ... contacts ... and parlaying that into a career as a stylist. She doesn't even have a college education ... but she grew up with the Paris fashion elite.
Emmanuelle Alt has worked as fashion director for Vogue Paris with Carine Roitfeld since 2001; prior to that she was styling editorials for publications like Mixte and 20 Ans, where she spent five years as editor-in-chief.
Alt was educated at Lubeck School, a stylish private Catholic academy in Paris with alumnae such as former first lady Cécilia Sarkozy, Caroline Deroche of Givenchy, Mathilde Agostinelli of Prada, Victoire de Castellane of Dior, Vanessa Seward of Azzaro, and Camille Miceli of Louis Vuitton. This school for 11- to 18-year-olds was founded in 1882 and is run by the Little Sisters of the Assumption. As would be expected, the navy uniforms prompted creative expression through extra efforts with hair and accessories, a natural route to a passion for fashion.
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In addition to her work for Vogue Paris, Alt currently helps firms like Isabel Marant, Balmain, and Giuseppe Zanotti create their statement looks. Alt's husband Franck Durand is artistic director for Isabel Marant.
source: iwantobearoitfeld.com via FrenchCactus
I also found this about Nina Garcia, Fashion Director of Marie Claire:
Education: Studied at Boston University; graduated from The Fashion Institute of Technology with a degree in fashion merchandising
source: mediabistro.com
Here's an old Job description from Conde Nast for a job as a Fashion Director in Publishing:
The Fashion Editor works to produce tight, fresh, modern features for the fashion pages. The ideal candidate should have extensive experience managing photo shoots; handling market work; generating current story ideas; and managing stylists and prop-closet inventory. Extensive contacts in the fashion world are essential, as well as the ability to meet tight deadlines.
source: condenast.com
See ... there it is again .... "contacts". You need to know people to be able to reach this level and become a Fashion Director, at least in publishing.
My conclusions from the above:
I would say working as a fashion editor and/or a stylist and possibly a market editor is probably the most likely career path for a magazine Fashion Director. It's experience and contacts that gets you into this arena (editor for a fashion magazine) to start with.
To work for a fashion magazine, it looks like education is not essential, but anything that prepared you for the business of fashion magazines and/or retail (fashion merchandising, fashion marketing, public relations /communications might all work) could be helpful. If you want to become a Fashion Director of a retail chain, a degree in fashion merchandising would be the most important qualification, I would think.
Connections are important in either arena.