The claim that no Asian actresses are making it big in Hollywood inevitably invites counterexamples: Lucy Liu, a star of “Charlie’s Angels,“ for one, or Cheung’s friend Michelle Yeoh, the former Bond girl. There’s no denying that these women are stars, but they’re stars of a specific sort: action heroes, variations of the old Asian warrior legends, exotic in both provenance and look. Penelope Cruz can play the romantic love interest opposite Tom Cruise, her accent nothing more than another adorable accouterment; Halle Berry, for better or worse, can get a film like “Catwoman“ green-lighted. It’s nearly impossible, however, to name a studio film in which an Asian-American actress plays the leading role, or the love interest, or even the love interest’s best friend, outside of specifically Chinese films like “The Joy Luck Club.“
Part of this disparity can be attributed to simple demographics: African-Americans represent 13 percent of the American population, Latino-Americans 14 percent, while Asians account for about 4 percent. But filmmakers don’t even represent demographics faithfully, argues Jeff Yang, the author of “Once Upon a Time in China,“ a book about Chinese cinema. “Even in a movie set in the greater Bay Area,“ he says, “where one out of three people is Asian-American, if you just look at the background scenes, the bystanders, there are almost no Asians at all. That’s not just politically incorrect -- it’s fundamentally, demographically, incorrect.“
Janet Yang (no relation to Jeff), who produced “The People Vs. Larry Flynt“ and “The Joy Luck Club,“ contends that geography and history place Asian actresses too far outside the range of the girl next door, practically a prerequisite for female superstardom in this country. “Asia has been perceived as the enemy for many years,“ she adds. “Look at all the past major wars -- World War II, Korea, then Vietnam. There’s this crazy, deep-rooted bias.“ At the time she produced “The Joy Luck Club“ in 1993, Yang thought the film was a breakthrough; now, she says, studios are even less likely to finance such a film, given the absence of a name-brand, non-Asian star. Richard Hicks, the president of the Casting Society of America, says he proposes Cheung to directors with some regularity: half the time, he says, logistics get in the way -- “can we get her here by Thursday?“ -- but just as often his clients aren’t interested in casting an Asian.
Cheung, for her part, has never been driven to disprove American audiences’ stereotypes of Asian performers. To the contrary, she hasn’t made much of an effort to break into Hollywood. She has never come to Los Angeles just to make the rounds and rarely makes herself available for auditions. Given the scarcity of roles she’d like to play, it has hardly been worth it to her to pursue Hollywood success, she said; her current schedule is demanding enough. When I met with her in Toronto, Cheung had made the 17-hour trip from Hong Kong to Canada for just four days and was quickly heading back for some professional obligations: a promised appearance at the opening of a store in Shanghai for Louis Vuitton, and then a couple of days of shooting for some mobile-phone ads and commercials for the Hong Kong audience.
Cheung’s face is everywhere in Hong Kong. Head to the pharmacy, and she smiles at you from an Oil of Olay promotional ad behind the counter. Walk by the newsstand, and she’s on the cover of Chinese Elle and on the billboards at the bus stop. An ad campaign she did for Ericsson hand-held phones in the late 90’s was so successful it was cited as a case study in the Harvard Business Review. An entire row of DVD’s is devoted to her at the massive HMV on the way to Victoria Park. Having significantly reduced the brutal pace of her filmmaking, Cheung continues to take on numerous promotions, figuring that it’s easier to make money in a few days of empty work than in a few months of another action film.
In September, when I visited Cheung in Hong Kong, she had just returned from the Vuitton party in Shanghai -- a disaster, she said, with photographers popping out of nowhere at the arrival of her current boyfriend, Guillaume Brochard, a Frenchman with a jewelry business. She enjoyed only a few days of rest before the shoots for the mobile-phone ads. Out late the night before, she looked tired but still a good 10 years younger than her age. “They don’t know I was out last night,“ she whispered in English, as the mobile-phone reps scrambled around, trying to find appropriate pieces of wardrobe, while a makeup artist tended to her.
Cheung, who helped design her own theatrical makeup in “Hero,“ occasionally took one brush or another from the makeup artist to do the work herself. Although she clearly knows what she’s doing -- she teased her eyelashes out, transforming herself from the coolly disheveled Emily of “Clean“ to the elegant beauty of “In the Mood For Love“ -- makeup is her least favorite part of her job. During the shooting of “In the Mood,“ for 15 months she went to bed at 8 a.m., was picked up at noon to arrive on set by 1 p.m. for hair and makeup, then shot until late in the night, a schedule that it’s hard to imagine Nicole Kidman being asked to tolerate.
While her old friend Ray started pinning up her hair, Cheung ate a bowl of rice noodles and someone put in front of her a Hong Kong sweet -- a deep-fried French toast sandwich with peanut butter slathered in between, which she snacked on as Ray finished up. Cheung, who’d shown up in black clogs, jeans and a long-sleeved brown T-shirt, disappeared for an instant, returning in a slinky black dress for the shoot. It was a rapid-fire transformation that suddenly revealed the single curving line of her body.
In the next room, the shooting started, with Cheung holding the cellphone up to her face, propping one leg on a box, hoisting the dress up to show some leg, improvising on the various attitudes a cellphone can apparently inspire. Chatting between shots, Cheung talked about all the traveling she does, the regular 12-hour flights between Hong Kong and Paris, where she found an apartment a few years ago to escape the press. For most of her life, she has lived somewhere between two cultures: when she was 8, her family moved to Kent, England, where she lived until she was discovered on the street on a brief visit to Hong Kong when she was 17.
“No matter where I’m going, I feel like I’m leaving something behind,“ she said. “Every time I get on a plane, I cry. The flight attendants on Cathay Pacific must think I’m mad.“ She laughed and did an imitation of herself sobbing into her flight pillow.
To Cheung, it seems unavoidable that an actress be “sad deep down,“ not so much as a job requirement but as a result of the job itself. Through the roles, she said, “you experience a lot more pain than normal people -- your mom dies, your dad dies, your boyfriend chucks you, you live in the street, and you’re really going through these emotions. You’re trying to know what it feels like to watch a man die in front of you, as if you’ve really lived it. Once that division is gone, it gets blurry -- you look back at a shoot and think, was I really that sad because in the film my boyfriend didn’t like me -- or was it something else, something real?“
She dashed off for a few more moments of posing, all smiles and allure, before returning to finish her earlier thought. “I think a lot of my sadness has to do with my mother,“ she said, giving the outlines of her mother’s difficult life: an unwanted girl, she spent her days as a young child roaming the streets because her parents wouldn’t let her inside except to sleep; she married a man who abandoned her for another woman and left her a single mother.
Someone from the shoot called to Cheung, and she flashed a bright smile. “Sorry,“ she said, heading back to the shoot, untouchably glamorous once again. On a computer screen someone enlarged a close-up of Cheung’s face resting on her hand, as the cameras continued to keep shooting, and the image stayed there for the rest of the shoot. It was a shot of a flawless, serious face, but a face that also looked ambiguously profound, the kind of face onto which its admirer could project seduction, or contemplation, or defiance, or sorrow.
Being a Hong Kong star has some of the advantages of being a Hollywood star, among them comparative luxury. Cheung’s well-situated Hong Kong apartment is done up simply in natural woods and elegant beige, its floor-to-ceiling windows opening onto a stunning view of Repulse Bay below. The windows in the back of the apartment, tinted a dark color, reflect the downside of such celebrity: not long after Cheung moved in, photos of her inside her home started appearing in the local tabloids, shot from a strip of road half a mile away.
“If I was drinking something, they said, ’Oh, she got dumped, she’s so miserable she’s turning to drink,“’ she said, pulling the shades down on that window as the sun set. “Or if my mother and sister came over, they said, ’She’s so miserable she needs her family to support her through this hard time.“’ Cheung had the window treated, but the paparazzi -- who treat her particularly harshly because she rarely gives interviews -- kept up the bad press. One local magazine shot her current boyfriend leaving the apartment, then badly photo-shopped the image so it looked as if he were making an obscene gesture to photographers with his hand. Waiters and restaurateurs are forever tipping off the press so that when Cheung tries to leave a restaurant, a phalanx is waiting for her.
Even Assayas, from whom she’s been separated for years, can’t cross a hotel lobby in Shanghai without being swarmed, because of his former association with Cheung. “In China, they care even more about their stars than in America,“ Assayas said, “and they’re also less shy about approaching them. I don’t know what it is. It’s less of an individualist society, maybe -- it’s like they feel their stars belong to them, are part of the family -- they’re someone in the family who made good, and they feel they belong to them.“ Assayas told me a story about accompanying Cheung to a restaurant and escorting her to the door of the ladies’ room. “She opened the door, the door closed behind her -- and then I just heard this girl start screaming,“ he said.
The costs of Cheung’s celebrity don’t come, however, with all the perks that offset those inconveniences for Hollywood stars. Her apartment is exquisitely placed but hardly vast, and no entourage follows her from shoot to shoot; on set, no luxury trailer allows her to get in character amid down throw pillows and freshly cut flowers. No one so much as tells her she’s fabulous, she said, laughing, which is partly a cultural difference. “Words like ’fabulous,’ ’wonderful,’ ’great,’ ’absolutely gorgeous’ -- they don’t exist in Cantonese. It’s good, or it’s O.K. That’s it. It’s very blunt, Cantonese. I appreciate that there are no fake words, but it’s hard to switch channels, sometimes, after I’ve spent time in France. I’m just learning to use more generous words myself -- but you know, ’gorgeous’ -- I just can’t go to that extreme.“
Cheung said she never wanted to be a movie star: she wanted to be a hairdresser. In the Western narrative of celebrity, the star burns for fame, works for it, dreams of it. Cheung, by contrast, was discovered on the street while visiting Hong Kong with her mother, then anointed the traditional Hong Kong way, through a beauty contest. Her fame seems disposable to her, even baffling. A kind of respectful acclaim, the kind musicians and authors and artists enjoy, would suit her better. It is not surprising to learn that Hollywood’s more arbitrary systems are totally alien to her: for example, the dance of an agent soliciting scripts that his celebrity client will never get around to reading. Even something as basic as the audition is unfamiliar terrain. In Hong Kong, she has been handed every role she has played since she was 18.
Assayas says he thinks that for Cheung’s own personal satisfaction, she has to keep making films in the West, to stretch herself and her acting, especially now that the Hong Kong film industry is in serious decline. He recognizes that the roles aren’t there; that’s why he wrote “Clean,“ even as the relationship was ending, to showcase the talent that has nothing to do with cheongsams or Asian femininity. American producers do occasionally send Cheung scripts, but the independent films are always about, as she put it, “ABC’s,“ or “American-born Chinese,“ struggling with their identity, and the Hollywood scripts feature dragon ladies or Chinatown mafia molls or martial artists or mysterious fortunetelling women. Right now the West, whether it’s New York or Paris, represents freedom for Cheung, and to sacrifice that anonymity for an uninspiring role would be folly.
“Especially since Cannes, I have a nice feeling out in Hong Kong -- like Maggie is ours, and we’re proud of her,“ she said. Shown a script for “X2: X-Men United“ a few years back, she declined to pursue it, uninterested in the film itself. “If I start making films like that, they won’t be proud,“ she said. “I’d feel like I was cheating. And I don’t want half the world -- we have 1.3 billion people in China -- to know I’m cheating. That matters to me. I have more pride than that.“